千王之王重出江湖

合理膳食，保持健康体重_我的网站

一 |     无论是外出旅游，还是走亲访友，体重管理很重要。如何在享受美食的同时，保持合理膳食呢？掌握好以下妙招，轻松保持健康体重。         　　做好规划，均衡饮食          　　确保每餐营养均衡。保证食物种类多样化，一日三餐包括谷薯类、蔬菜水果类、禽畜鱼蛋奶类、大豆坚果类等食物，要摄入充足的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质。

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Brain-reading AI model reveals how different brain regions are linked to cognitive functions. Photo: Courtesy of Lu Han
Chinese scientists have developed a “brain-reading” AI model that could help predict the risk of depression among adolescents up to four years in advance by analyzing how humans respond to facial expressions, a technology expected to inspire future development of embodied intelligent humanoids capable of perceiving human emotion and thoughts through nuanced facial cues. 
WHO data show that around 332 million people worldwide have depression, about one-third of whom have treatment-resistant forms of the condition. In China, an estimated 95 million people suffer from depression, National Business Daily reported, citing statistics from the China Mental Health Survey. 
Using data from a population-based longitudinal adolescent cohort recruited across several European countries, the research team led by Lu Han, assistant professor at the School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University, has built an AI model that predicted which 19-year-olds were more likely to develop depression at the age of 23. The predictions were backed up by an independent clinical cohort of individuals with depression. The team’s paper was published in the journal Science Advances this month.
According to Lu, the study used brain scans taken at age 19 to predict depression-related symptoms at age 23. The study focuses on adolescence because the transition from adolescence to early adulthood is a key developmental period when depressive symptoms can increase rapidly. The earlier risks are identified, the greater the opportunity for prevention, Lu told the Global Times on Monday, adding that the findings need to be further validated in middle-aged and older adults and across different ethnic groups in future research. 
In this study, the researchers analyzed data from adolescents in the IMAGEN, a population-based longitudinal cohort recruited across several European countries. At age 19, participants underwent an fMRI emotional-face task, and their emotional symptoms were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Genetic data obtained from blood samples were also analyzed, and participants were followed up at age 23. The researchers examined whether neural representations of angry faces at age 19 were associated with emotional symptoms and could predict elevated emotional symptoms four years later.
According to Lu, people without depression can more easily distinguish emotional changes based on others’ facial expressions and respond accordingly – for example, responding with friendliness to a smiling expression. But people with depression cannot do this, and are more likely to assume people are angry with them. 
A brain-aligned deep-learning model developed by Lu’s team suggested that those participants whose brains were less able to distinguish between different facial emotions and tended to perceive others as angry were more likely to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood. 
The hypothesis that adolescents at risk of depression may respond differently to other people’s facial expressions than those without such risk based on the negative information processing bias long observed in depression research: people at risk of depression are more likely to notice, interpret, or remember negative social information, Lu said. 
The researchers focused on angry facial expressions because they signal social threat and rejection, which are closely linked to interpersonal difficulties and negativity bias associated with depression. They hope to further understand how this bias develops within the visual system. 
Building on this, they created a deep learning model, which mimics how the brain processes visual information, to predict how the brain encodes abstract emotional concepts such as anger.
They found that 19-year-olds whose response to facial expressions was skewed in favour of negative emotions or memories were the most likely to develop some form of depression.
Based on these findings, Lu’s team then developed a marker that can identify possible warning signs. 
According to Lu, the study found that the computational biomarker was linked to the depression-related variant rs11123030 and polygenic risk for depression, suggesting that genetic susceptibility may affect emotional perception. It also provided predictive information beyond family stress and socioeconomic factors, complementing rather than replacing environmental risk factors. Therefore, depression is neither purely genetic nor purely psychological, but a complex mental disorder arising from the interplay of genetic susceptibility, brain development, emotional and cognitive processes, and life experiences. 
According to Lu, the study is also expected to advance AI by aligning deep neural networks with human brain activity and using parameter perturbations to probe neural mechanisms, allowing models to both predict and explain how biases may arise. 
The findings suggest that future affective computing and embodied AI should go beyond simply labeling facial expressions, incorporating visual details while preventing prior assumptions from overriding real-time sensory input, Lu said, adding that the findings could provide valuable insights for developing more interpretable robotic perception systems that more closely emulate the way humans process emotions.
。巧用粗细搭配、荤素搭配、色彩搭配，达到食物多样化，提高食物的吸收利用率。         　　平衡膳食，控制总量          　　健康体重取决于能量摄入与能量消耗的平衡。

三 | 无论是亲朋聚会还是在外就餐，在控制总能量的基础上，保证食物多样化，有菜有肉有主食，粗细搭配多蔬果，深色蔬菜占一半，控糖限酒要记牢。         　　“三高”食物，尽量远离          　　每日饮食，尽量少选择高能量、高盐、高糖的食物，如油炸食品、含糖烘焙糕点、糖果、果脯、含糖饮料、冰淇淋、盐/糖渍坚果等；多选择富含膳食纤维的食物、天然食物，如全谷物食物、新鲜蔬菜、水果、奶制品、鸡蛋、大豆制品、原味坚果等。         　　规律进餐，科学饮水          　　每日三餐定时定量，避免少餐漏餐和暴饮暴食，这样才有利于保持健康体重。要确保喝足够的水，白开水是最佳选择，每天至少喝8杯水，出汗过多时，可适当补充盐分，维持水电解质平衡。         　　品尝美食，小碗分餐          　　不同地域文化承载着不同的美食，美食不仅能满足人们的味蕾，还可以放松身心，但是美食也潜藏了“危机”，比如高脂、高盐、高糖。因此，尽量在早上和中午享受美食，晚上要少吃，避免消化不良。面对美食诱惑，要有自制力，可用小碗分餐，浅尝辄止，减少单次摄入量。

四 |          　　户外运动，减少久坐          　　有氧、抗阻、高强度间歇运动均有助于控制体重，适度中高强度运动有助于体重管理。多参加户外活动，如徒步、骑行、登山等，增加能量消耗，促进新陈代谢。户外活动不仅能锻炼身体，还能促进沟通交流。减少久坐的时间，每天持续静坐时间不能超过1小时，每45分钟或1小时站起来活动一下。         　　良好睡眠，积极心态          　　睡眠不足或过多都不利于控制体重，会引起体重增加，尤其是内脏脂肪的堆积明显增多。尽量保证良好的睡眠，有助于维持正常的新陈代谢。体重还与人的心理状态相关，保持良好的心理状态有助于保持健康体重。

五 |                     责任编辑：李丹。

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